1963 5 cents Flag over the White House.  This is Part Eleven of a series showing how inflation, deflation, barter, tariffs, taxes, postage, war, counterfeiting, history, economics, ‘free’ trade, famine, dearth, climate, auctions, precious metals, religion, and education are combined into one great whole.

Souvenir Distributed on the Occasion of the Visit of the Philatelic Truck Issued by the United States Post Office Department 1939 White House.

Part Eleven. Why study tariffs on steel and aluminum, the War of 1812, Canada’s trade, burning the White House, national Security and Law of Agency?

Previous parts have explained that trade wars can deflate industries to barter status and put the target industries out of business, with micro-deflations.   The previous parts explained how trade taxes can be styled as tariffs, levies or countervailing duties. As the trade issue of dumping was revived in 2017 and 2018, negotiations were opened between the President Trump Administration and Mexico, Canada, and the European Union, among many other trading partners. Because the demise of American steel and aluminum industries has become real, and is certified by the Department of Commerce of serious concern for America’s National Security, the steel and aluminum tariffs have been applied. The Canadian Government, and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, responded publicly with push back on the American tariff position. The public response by President Trump called attention to the Canada’s burning the White House in the War of 1812.

1882 1945 White House Roosevelt United States Postage 3 C.

Then some in the American media[i], in June 2018, responded that Trump was wrong in that it was not Canada that burned the White House, but instead it was the English (or British). And, historians have weighed in for the publicity value of the renewed interest in the War of 1812. Participants in the War of 1812 included the Admiral, Sir Alexander Cochrane, GCB, who was Commander-in-Chief of the North American Station. Admiral Cochrane’s correspondence made it into the book – The Fighting Cochranes, A Scottish clan over six hundred years of naval and military history, by Alexander Cochrane, Quiller Press, London, 1983, copyright 14^th Earl of Dundonald.

USA 22 The White House 1986. We can pick up the story in 1813, after Admiral Cochrane had success at Guadeloupe, St. Martin, St. Eustatia, and Suba. The Admiral received a new commission as Commander-in-Chief of the North American Station, on 1^st April 1814, with the Tonnant as his flagship. The North American Station was the English code for the United States of America, Canada, and related islands. Britain and America had been at war since June 1812. The Admiral, as new Commander-in-Chief declared a blockade along the entire American coast-line. ‘’American trade came to a standstill.’’   Within days, the news arrived that Napoleon had abdicated. The English could withdraw much of its Navy from Europe and locate them across the Atlantic. Guernsey Hero of Upper Canada, Major General Sir Isaac Brook, Born Guernsey 1769, Killed in battle at Queenston Heights 1812 Sarnia (Guernsey) York (Toronto) L. Erie, Sark , 24 ER L 1

The following is in the Fighting Cochranes book. ‘[J]ust how ruthless [Admiral Cochrane] was may be judged from the following letter to the Honourable James Munroe, the American Secretary of State at Washington – later to become the fifth American President –

‘’H.M.S. Tonnant,

In the Patuxent River[ii]                      18/8/1814

Sir,

‘’Having been called upon by the Governor-General of the Canadas to aid him in carrying into effect measures of retaliation against the inhabitants of the United States for the wanton destruction committed by their Army in Upper Canada, it has become imperatively my duty, conformably with the nature of the Governor-General’s obligation, to issue to the Naval forces under my command an order to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts upon the coast as may be found assailable.

‘’I had hope would have terminated without my being obliged to resort to severities which are contrary to the usages of civilized warfare; and it has beenwith extreme reluctance and concern that I have found myself compelled to adopt this system of devastation, I shall be equally gratified if the conduct of the executive of the United States will authorize my staying such proceedings by making reparation to the suffering inhabitants of Upper Canada, thereby manifesting that if the destructive measures pursued by the enemy were ever sanctioned, they will no longer be permitted by the Government.

‘’I have the honour to be, Sir, with much consideration, Your most obedient and humble servant,

‘’Alexander Cochrane, Vice-Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of His Britannic, Majesty’s ships and vessels upon the North American Station.’’

The above letter evoked a reply on 6^th September 1814, from Secretary Monroe who commented ‘some expressions in it were laid hold of as breathing the most sanguinary and ruthless spirit.’’ The book continues.

‘’With Sir Alexander’s stranglehold on the coast still being maintained, the intention now was to take the pressure off the troops fighting in Canada by making attacks on Washington and Baltimore and to destroy the flotilla of American gunboats commanded by a Commodore Barney and sheltering in the Patuxent river.’’ 1800 Washington 1950 3 cents U.S. Postage The White House National Capital Sesquicentennial.

To avoid the capture of his gunboats, Commodore Barney had 16 of 17 boats destroyed.

Then, Sir Alexander received a report describing the attack on Washington, from Rear-Admiral Cockburn.

‘’It was dark before we reached that city, on the General (Ross) and myself advancing a short way past the first houses of the town, without being accompanied by the troops, the enemy opened upon us a heavy fire of musketry from the Capitol and two other houses; these were therefore almost immediately stormed by our people, taken possession of and set on fire; after which the town submitted without further resistance. . . . On taking possession of the city, we also set fire to the President’s palace, the Treasury and the War Office; and in the morning, Captain Wainwright went with t a party to see that the destruction in the Navy Yard was complete, when he destroyed whatever had escaped the flames of the preceding night. 4 ½ CENTS The White House United States Postage, 1938. This stamp paid the 1.5 cent 3^rd class rate per two ounce on merchandise.

‘’At the President’s house a banquet was to have been held that night but the feast never took place and the raiders helped themselves to the comestibles before setting fire to the building.

2000 The White House USA 33

”Only the walls of the Presidential mansion were left standing, bearing the marks of the flames. When the building was restored, the walls were painted white to hide the marks of fire, and the ‘White House’ became the obvious name for the residence of the President.

1792 1992 The White House 29 USA

And so forth, onto Baltimore, and New Orleans, and history.

What does one conclude of these wartime actions?

Under the common law of Agency, the Principal is responsible for the actions of the agent. In the above scenario, if, according to Sir Alexander’s letter, the Governor-General of the Canadas, requested retaliation, then he, the Governor-General became the principal. Then, Sir Alexander, who was tasked to comply with the request, and as the letter so states, then became or was the agent of the Governor-General of the Canadas. If so, then also was Rear-Admiral Cockburn, and all other inferior officers and military personnel, obedient to the requests to the Governor-General. And so it was, the officers governing the Canadas did so request the retaliation which became the invasion and burning as it occurred.   President Trump is correct on the facts and law, if the letters and events were according to The Fighting Cochranes.

USA 18C James Hoban White House Architect

15C The land of the free the home of the Brave, from the Star Spangled Banner.  USA

https://www.dailysabah.com/americas/2018/06/07/ trump-falsely-accuses-canada-of-burning-down-white-house   President Donald Trump accused Canada of burning down the White House during the War of 1812, according to a new report.

“Didn’t you guys burn down the White House?” Trump told Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau during a phone call on May 25, sources familiar with the discussion told CNN.

It’s unclear whether Trump was joking or falsely believed Canada was responsible for burning down the official home of the U.S. President more than two centuries ago. British forces burned down the White House and much of Washington, D.C., in August 1814 after Americans attacked York, Ontario, which was then a British colony.’’

Etc.

https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/06/politics/war-of-1812-donald-trump-justin-trudeau-tariff/index.html   CNN June 6, 2018

Exclusive: Trump invokes War of 1812 in testy call with Trudeau over tariffs

‘’ The problem with Trump’s comments to Trudeau is that British troops burned down the White House during the War of 1812. Historians note the British attack on Washington was in retaliation for the American attack on York, Ontario, in territory that eventually became Canada, which was then a British colony.’’

Twenty Dollars Reverse The White House

https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/trump-blames-canada-for-burning-white-house-in-1812-war-118060700113_1.html

‘’Jun 07, 2018 · Read more about Trump blames Canada for burning White House in 1812 War on Business Standard. US President Donald Trump on Wednesday reproached Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, claiming that Canada burned the White House in the War of 1812, although that was actually done by British troop’’

Battle of New Orleans The War of 1812 Forever USA 2015

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eW1TtwTuY4
Breaking News Today Jun 7, 2018. *** But Canada did not exist at the time – it was made up of British colonies. “Didn’t you guys burn down the White House?” Mr Trump reportedly asked in a call with Mr Trudeau over new tariffs. It is not clear if the comment was intended as a joke, but CNN report that it followed an exchange in which Mr Trudeau asked how the US could justify the tariffs as a “national security” issue. The US imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from its allies – the EU, Canada and Mexico – last week.” It is simply ridiculous to view any trade with Canada as a national security threat to the US,” Mr Trudeau has said of the move.” Canada became a country in 1867. The War of 1812 was in 1812,”

New York Times correspondent Glenn Thrush joked that “some young Republican researcher is Googling frantically to see if any British-Canadian units did in fact participate.’’

The War of 1812 USS Constitution USA Forever 2015

https://nypost.com/2018/06/06/trump-wrongly-accused-canada-of-torching-white-house-in-war-of-1812/

Trump wrongly accused Canada of torching White House in War of 1812

June 6, 2018 New York Post

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44394156   June 7, 2018

Canadians have reacted with dismay to reports US President Donald Trump questioned whether Canada burned down the White House during a call with the country’s leader, Justin Trudeau. British forces did set fire to the presidential residence during the War of 1812 with the US. But Canada did not exist at the time – it was made up of British colonies. “Didn’t you guys burn down the White House?” Mr Trump reportedly asked in a call with Mr Trudeau over new tariffs.

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-canada-burn-white-house_us_5b18953de4b09578259ee281

Trump Gets Torched For Reportedly Claiming Canada Burned The White House In 1814

Canada wasn’t a nation at the time.

However, the war was with Britain and the troops who burned Washington were all British, as Canada’s National Post noted: “Granted, at the time Canada was still a British colony and any resident there would have been considered British. However, the soldiers who burned down Washington were all expeditionary troops sent direct from Great Britain, unlike the local militias and Indigenous warriors who had done much of the fighting during earlier U.S. attempts to invade what is now Ontario.”

[ii][ii] The Patuxent River is in Maryland and drains into the Chesapeake Bay.

Liberia 2001 $15 Mt Rainier-Cascade Range White House, U.S.A.

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