October 16 – 1326 Invasion of England Isabella of France the She-wolf of France, was Queen consort and pursues Edward II of England (descendant of Malcolm and Duncan, and ancestor of Scots line from James 1st), who flees from Gloucester into Wales.

1430 James II Stewart, King of Scots, born Holyrood Abbey.

Iacobus dei Gratia Scotor Rex. James II (Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, 16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460) reigned as King of Scots from 1437 to his death in 1460 at the seige of Leith.

 

1551 Edward Seymour, uncle of Edward VI King of England, was arrested on charges of treason.

1555 Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, and Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, died burned at the stake, as two of the Oxford Martyrs, during the Marian Persecutions, Reformation Martyrs, 1555.

Arch Bishop Cranmer and Bishops Ridley and Latimer Burned in Oxford as Martyrs to the principles of the English Reformation March 21, 1556. Stained glass window depicting Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, as the Oxford Martyrs. The Flames would spread to Scotland within 3 years.

1568 English Commissioners to the Queen Elizabeth at York. Questions of the Case of Scotland sent to the Duke of Norfolk.

1651 Charles II Stewart, landed in Normandy, France, after successfully fleeing England and Scotland.

1697 The Darien colony. Sometime in October, between the Pacific and Atlantic, and North and South America. The climate was represented as healthy and cool, the tropical heats being, it was said, mitigated by the height of the country, and by the shade of extensive forests, which yet presented neither thicket  nor underwood, but would admit a horseman to gallop through them unimpeded. Those acquainted with trade were assured of the benefits of a safe  and beautiful harbour, where the advantage of free  commerce and universal toleration, would attract traders from all the world; while the produce of China, Japan, the Spice Islands, and Eastern India, brought to the bay of Panama in the Pacific ocean, might be transferred by a safe and easy route across the isthmus to the new settlement, and exchanged for all the commodities of Europe. ” Trade,” said the commercial enthusiast, ” will beget trade – money will beget money – the commercial world will no longer want work for their hands, but will rather want hands for their work. This door of the seas, and key of the universe, will enable its possessors to become the legislators of both worlds, and the arbitrators of commerce. The settlers at Darien will acquire a nobler empire than Alexander or Caesar, without fatigue, expense, or danger, as well as without incurring the guilt and bloodshed of conquerors.”

It should have warned the Scots that neither Spanish nor Portuguese, native nor slave, had been able to establish year around colonies because of unrelenting pestilence.

1781 Battles of Virginia Capes and Yorktown

1981 October 16 issue.

The Battle of Yorktown, began on October 8, 1781. Yorktown marked the end of the final battle of the war of Independence. That campaign involved cooperation and coordination between French and American forces over a vast region of North America and the West Indies. A French army in Rhode Island under Rochambeau, an American army outside New York City under Washington, an assortment of American regulars and militia in Virginia under Lafayette, a small French naval squadron at Newport under Barras, and a formidable French fleet in the West Indies under de Grasse were brought together to bring victory.

  • On 16 October 1781, the British attacked with 350 men, mostly Grenadiers, Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, and Light Infantry, damaging a handful of Allied guns.

A cannonball kills Cornwallis’ aide-de-camp.

1786 Alexander Wilson post-noms FRSE (1714 16 October 1786) was a Scottish surgeon, type-founder , astronomer, mathematician and meteorologist.

1812 Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford, 8th Earl of Balcarres born, (16 October 1812 – 13 December 1880), and styled Lord Lindsay. He was born at Muncaster Castle, Cumbria, the son of James Lindsay, 24th Earl of Crawford 7th Earl of Balcarres and was succeeded by his son James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford. Alexander was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Oxford.

A book plate from the Bibliotheca Lindesiana. Alexander published “Progression by Antagonism” in 1846 and “Sketches of the History of Christian Art” in 1847, and was the author of the three volume Lives of the Lindsays on the genealogy of his family.

  • Crawford of Drongan and Haining 1100 2douglas2Stewart 2Ruthven2Kinchin 2jared2Simmons 2Choate zoe

Drongan, a former mining village, is situated on the western edge of Ayrshire, some 8 miles from Ayr and 8 miles from Cumnock. In the 1390s these lands were granted to the Craufurds whose stronghold for 250 years was Drongan Castle. The remains of the Castle can be seen on Drongan Mains Farm. The estate passed from the Craufurds to the Cunninghames, then to the Earls of Stair. Map showing Cumnock and Ayr. Drongan is midway between the two.

1843 Sir William Rowan Hamilton (clan Hamilton) first wrote down the fundamental formula for quaternions on October 16, 1843, with a pen knife on Broom Bridge, also known as Brougham Bridge. The bridge is on Broombridge Road which crosses the Royal Canal in Cabra, Dublin, Ireland.

Plaque on Broom Bridge, The text on the plaque reads: Here as he walked by on the 16th of October 1843 Sir William Rowan Hamilton in a flash of genius discovered the fundamental formula for quaternion multiplication i² = j² = k² = ijk = −1 & cut it on a stone of this bridge.

1939 German Sea and Air Attacks – These were stepped up against merchant shipping and warships in British waters. In their first attack on British territory, Ju.88’s bombed ships in the Firth of Forth, Scotland on the 16th October and slightly damagd cruisers “Southampton”, “Edinburgh” and destroyer “Mohawk”.

1944 “The Beach Nut” movie with Woody Woodpecker released, Woody sings Scottish folk song My bonnie Lies over the Ocean. Wikipedia- Obscure origin may be Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’)  after the defeat of the Prince at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and his subsequent exile.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean
My Bonnie lies over the sea
My Bonnie lies over the ocean
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me…
Bring back, bring back
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me, to me
Bring back, bring back
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

1975 Kellie Noelle Martin (born October 16, 1975) is an American actress. Martin graduated from Yale University in 2001 with a degree in art history. She was a member of Saybrook College. (clan Martin).

2014 World Speed Records.   Donald Campbell. 50th Anniversary of his world records.

 

 

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