June 25 – 1314 From the carnage of Bannockburn, the rest of Edward’s army tried to escape to the safety of the English border, ninety miles to the south. These were a force of Welsh spearmen who were kept together by their commander, Sir Maurice de Berkeley, and the majority of them reached Carlisle. Sir Alexander Fraser of Cowie, Aberdeenshire, fought at Bannockburn, married Bruce’s sister, and became Chamberlain of Scotland. The Frasers of Philorth trace their lineage from Alexander.

www.cranstonmilitaryprints.com

1472 Mariot (or Janet), daughter of Sir Robert Maxwell of Calderwood, died after 25 June 1472.

1559 Perth. Army of the Congregation, occupies, pulled down altars, destroyed shrines, purged idolatry. Used cannonade. Tytler’s Britannica 153.  Scotland circa 1641 with Perth on the Firth of Forth.

1658 Mr. James Durham, (born 1622) died on Friday the 25^th of June 1658, in the 36^th year of his age. Family of Grange Durham, in the parish of Monuseith in the shire of Angus. He was the eldest son of John Durham of Easter Powrie, Esq; Biographia Scoticana: OR, A

 BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT

OF THE 

LIVES, CHARACTERS, and MEMORABLE
 TRANSACTIONS of the most eminent 

SCOTS WORTHIES, By John Howie – 1781

1699 The Darien colony. Sometime June 1699. These proclamations (by King William ,to not trade with or aid the Scots) were strictly obeyed ; and every species of relief, not only that which countrymen may claim of their fellow-subjects, as Christians of their fellow-Christians, but such as the vilest criminal has a right to demand, because still holding the same human shape with the community whose laws he has offended, – the mere supply, namely, of sustenance, the meanest boon granted to the meanest beggar, – was denied to the colonists of Darien.  Darien circa 1748 map of The Archipelago de Mexico.

1743 James Graham, a Scottish “quack” doctor born in Edinburgh. In 1770 James Graham left England for America, travelling around the middle colonies as an oculist and aurist, before settling in Philadelphia. Here he learned the principles of electricity from Ebenezer Kinnersley,

1958 Franklin half cent.  Benjamin Franklin’s friend and collaborator, and began to develop the prototype of his Celestial Bed. By 1776 ran “Goddess of Health” (also known as the “Temple of Health”) with a genius for spectacle, best known for his electro-magnetic musical Grand State Celestial Bed. Graham’s persuasive advertisements promoting cures using “Effluvia, Vapours and Applications ætherial, magnetic or electric” attracted his first celebrity patient, the famous bluestocking historian Catharine Macaulay.

Arms of Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1^st Baron Macaulay

In 1779 Dr Graham acquired a new patron in Lady Spencer, mother of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. James displayed elaborate electro-magnetic apparatus, treated patients with musical therapy and pneumatic chemistry as well as electricity and magnetism, published marriage guidance material, gave medical lectures and sold medicines such as “Electrical Aether” and “Nervous Aetherial Balsam.” The young Emma Hamilton (then known as Emy Lyon), who eventually became Lord Nelson’s mistress, is thought to have been employed as the goddess Vestina. His gigantic porters were quickly nicknamed Gog and Magog, after the Guildhall Giants. The Temple of Health was a huge success and Graham became the talk of London, featuring in satirical plays, poems, prints and newspaper skits. During the 1780s he was publicly associated with well-known society figures such as Charles James Fox, John Wilkes, the Duke of Richmond, Admiral Keppel, the Duchess of Devonshire, leading courtesans such as Mary Darby Robinson (“Perdita”) and Elizabeth Armistead, and other borderline showmen including Dr Katterfelto, Philip Astley and Philip de Loutherbourg.  Nelson and Battle of the Nile, Thomas Luny, 1834

1755 June 25. Archibald Gracie was born in Dumfries, Scotland, In 1784, he sailed for America with a cargo of goods and used the profits to invest in a mercantile company in New York City. From Petersburg, Virginia, he became involved in the export of tobacco to Great Britain. Later, with his sons, he established the East India Merchants and became a ship owner. He established the first savings bank in America and was a business partner of Alexander Hamilton

1956 Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury. and a friend of John Hay. “Gracie was a fabulously rich Scottish immigrant who is given the largest measure of credit for developing New York as a great seaport.” (Duncan Bruce) Gracie became involved in banking and insurance. Some of those companies were: the Eagle Fire Insurance Company; New York Insurance Company; United States Bank and the Bank of America.

 Gracie was the 18^th president of the St. Andrews Society of New York, serving from 1818-1823. Archibald Gracie died April 11, 1829 and is buried in Woodland Cemetery, The Bronx, New York In 1842, Gracie Mansion was designated as the official residence of the mayor and Fiorello H. LaGuardia was the first occupant.

Gen Archibald Gracie III< CSA inset with Gracie Mansion.

1772 Failure of the Ayr Bank. The Birth of the TEA PARTY. Douglas, Heron and Company, failed at a loss of £1,000,000 pound sterling.

Heron clan. Crest: A Demi lion Argent holding in his dexter paw a cross crosslet fitchée Gules Motto: PAR VALEUR [“By bravery”] Seat: Heron, Kirkcudbrightshire

The subscribers’ liability amounted to more than £2,000 for each £500 share they held, and many lost their estates in the years following the collapse. According to Ward, ‘among Ayrshire lairds totally or partially ruined were Patrick Douglas of Cumnock, 
Hugh Logan of Logan, 
Robert Kennedy of Pinmore, 
Archibald Craufurd of Ardmillan, 
Sir John Whitefoord of Ballochmyle and Blairquhan, 
John Christian of Kinning Park, 
George McCrae of Pitcon, and 
David McLure of Shawood.’

Patrick Heron of Kirroughtree (1736 – 1803) was a Scottish banker and politician. From 1794 to 1803 he was a Whig member of Parliament for Kirkcudbright Stewartry.   He married Jean Home, in 1761, daughter of Henry Home, Lord Kames, but the couple were divorced in 1772. In 1775, he married Elizabeth Cochrane, cousin to the diarist James Boswell (and Miller and Choate and Simmons). Heron was a founder of a bank in Ayr, Douglas, Heron & Company, which went bankrupt in 1772.

The result was the speedy dissipation of the Ayr Bank’s company funds – the contraction of an equivalent debt, especially in London, to meet the return of their own notes – and a commercial panic occurring at the time, the money market suddenly became depressed, and all who were struggling for existence were speedily overwhelmed. For London to recover money, Britain’s Parliament passed the Tea Act of May 10, 1773 to help the struggling British East India Company, reduce massive surplus of tea, and pay Townshend duties. The Act granted the Company the right to directly ship its tea to North America and the right to the duty-free export of tea from Britain, although the tax imposed by the Townshend Acts and collected in the colonies remained in force. Foolish act was resisted in Boston.

George McAdam described as thus; Estates changed hands for nothing! They were engulfed and wherever our Ralph Nickleby held the smallest mortgage he squeezed the last drop of bluid out of the victim, between himself and the bankruptcy, Barbeth – where his granddaughter Mrs McAdam Cathcart now lives – became his, Camlarg and many large estates. Uncle Gilbert’s estate went at last with this shock and meantime Mammon was silently acquiring Waterhead.

The bankruptcy continued until 1789 [17 years!], the committee appointed to wind up the affairs of the bank, found it necessary to make a fresh call of £1400 per share upon those partners who still continued solvent. [When laborer’s wages were one pound a month, so that call was the equivalent of 1400 months of wages, or 116 years of wage earning.] From the state of affairs at this time, it appeared that after deducting the debts due to the company, the firm remained debtor in the sum of £366,000! The whole loss upon each share was calculated to amount to £2600, exclusive of interest.

It now became a matter of necessity, on the part of the company, to realize every available debt; hence the hornings and diligence alluded to by Lapraik.

American Independence came out of the Tea Party of December 1773, in response to the Tea Act of May 1773, which was in response to the collapse of the Douglas, Heron Bank (Ayr Bank) of Edinburgh, in June 1772. A bank collapse in Edinburgh, set off the chain of events, of acts and taxes, protests, and military responses, escalating across oceans, through continents, into two world wars, war of American Independence, eventually bankrupting a hollowed out French Bourbon monarchy, resulting in the French revolution and Napoleonic Wars, War of 1812, Louisiana purchase, rise of Marxism, mass migrations, alliances and re-alliances.

In Scotland law. Letters of Horning and diligence. A process issuing on a decree of court of sessions, by which the debtor is charged to perform, in terms of his obligation, or on failure made liable to caption, that is, imprisonment. Bell, Diet. “Horning, Letters of”; “Diligence.” The name comes from the ancient custom of proclaiming letters of horning not obeyed, and declaring the recusant a rebel, with three blasts of a horn, called “putting him to the horn.” 1 Ross, Lect. 258, 308.

    Put to the Horn. To denounce as a rebel, or pronounce a person an outlaw, for not answering to a summons. In Scotland the messenger-at-arms goes to the Cross of Edinburgh and gives three blasts with a horn before he heralds the judgment of outlawry. “A king’s messenger must give three blasts with his horn, by which the person is understood to be proclaimed rebel to the king ….” Source: Erskine: Institutes, book ii. 5. www.armstrong.org     As a rebel to the king, no food nor shelter may be provided, lest the succor result in also being branded a rebel (compare the summary justice in 1865– hanging – after the Lincoln assassination branded conspirators, for feeding Booth, treating his broken leg, sheltering, and knowing, etc.).   In the 17^th century, a Covenanter Minister Guthrie was summoned to come before the King, and then his enemies (at the King’s trickery) attempted to trick Minister Guthrie into being put to the horn, by disobeying the summons – it failed, Guthrie went as summoned.

1788 Virginia ratifies the Consitution, statehood, Scottish place names include – Airlie, Alanton, Alexandria, Annandale, Armstrong, Avon, Battlefield Park, Belmont, Ben Venue, Blackford, Blackridge, Blackwood, Bolton, Bonny Blue, Brighton Green, Brookfield, Caledonia, California, Calvin, Campbell, Camptown, Canterbury, Castle Hill, Celt, Ceres, Chester, Church Hill, Clark(s)ton, Clifton, Covington, Cowie Corner, Crawfords Store, Cullen, Cunningham, Daltons, Deans, Douglas Park, Drummonds Corner, Dry Bridge, Dryburn, Dumbarton, Dumfries, Dunbar, Duncan, Dundas, Dundee, Dunlap Beach, Dunlop, Dye, Dyke, East Highland Park, Edinburg, Elgin Corner, Ettrick, Fife, Fincastle, Ford, Furnace, Georgetown, Gillespie, Gilmerton, Glasgow, Glenbrook Hills, Glendale, Glenmore, Glenwood Park, Grant, Gretna, Hamilton, Hartwood, Haymarket, Hermitage, High Woods, Highgate, Highland, Highland Park, Houstons Corner, Hunters, Huntly, James City County, James River, Jamestown, Virginia (for King James, formerly James VI of Scots),Keen Mountain, Keith, Kelso Mill, Kenmore, Kilmarnock, Kilmarnock Wharf, Kings Crossing, Kingston, Leithtown, Leslie, Lime Hill, Littleton, Logan, Lyons, Maidens, Marionville, Maryton, Maxie, Mayfield, McAdam, McCall Gap, McClure, McConnell, McCoy, McCready, McDonalds Mill, McDowell, McDuff, McGaheysville, McGuires Wharf, McHenry, McIvor, McKinley, McKnights Mill, McLean, McLean Hamlet, McMullen, McNeals Corner, McRae, Melrose, Middletons Corner, Midlothian, Chesterfield County, Milldale, Milltown, Milton, Monroe, Montrose Heights, Morningside Hills, Moscow, Mount Vernon, Mt. Crawford, Murrayfield, New Glasgow, New Hope, Newington, Newmarket, Newport, North Springfiled, Northfields, Orkney Springs, Patna, Perth, Pipers Gap, Preston, Reston, Riverdale, Roslyn Hills, Rosslyn, Rumford, Ruther Glen, Rutherford, Saint Davids Church, Salisbury, Scotchtown, Scotland, Scott Addition, Scott County, Scotts Corner, Scotts Crossroad, Scottsburg, Scottswood, Sinclair Farms, South Quay, Springfield, Stanley, Sterling, Stewarts Landing, Sutherland, Temple Hill, Wallace, Waverly, Weems, West Gate of Lomond, West Hope, West Springfield, White Hill, White House, Woodhaven, Woodlawn Seal of Virginia, Honi Soit Qui Mal y Pense, Semper, QVINTAM En Dat

1793 “Scots Wha Hae” is the title of a patriotic poem by Robert Burns. The chorus of Scotland’s unofficial national anthem Flower of Scotland refers to Scotland’s victory over Edward and the English at Bannockburn.

Title page of the Kilmarnock Edition

1842 Irvine Stephens Bulloch (25 June 1842 – 14 July 1898, served on the CSS Alabama during the American Civil War and was the uncle of Theodore Roosevelt.

1900 – Louis Mountbatten born, 1^st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English statesman (d. 1979), Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS (born His Serene Highness Prince Louis of Battenberg) great grandson of Queen Victoria, herself granddaughter of George 3^rd whose arm bore the quartered lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland).

Victoria’s Royal arms in Scotland. Mountbatten was in large part responsible for the planning and organisation of The Raid at St. Nazaire in mid 1942, an operation resulting in the disuse of one of the most heavily-defended docks in Nazi-occupied France until well after war’s end, the ramifications of which greatly contributed to allied supremacy in the Battle of the Atlantic.

1932 the Bannockburn Preservation Committee, under Edward Bruce, 10^th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, presented lands to the National Trust for Scotland. Further lands were purchased in 1960 and 1965 to facilitate visitor access.

• Brus or Bruce 1050 2Stewart2Kennedy 2Montgomery2Blair 2Cochrane2Miller 2Simmons2Choate zoe ToaG

1944 Two U-boats were lost off Start Point in the English Channel – “U-1191” to frigates “Affleck” and “Balfour” of the 1st EG, and “U-269” to “Bickerton” (Capt Macintyre) of the 5^th EG. www.naval-history

1971 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, died, Scottish physician, Nobel laureate (b. 1880) for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). John was born at Kilmaurs, near Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland, daughter of Annie Boyd.

• Boyd Lord Kilmarnock Ayr 1020 2Douglas2Ruthven 2Kinchin2Jared2Simmons 2CHoate zoe ToaG

1976 – Missouri Governor Christopher Samuel Kit Bond issues an executive order rescinding the 1838 Missouri Executive Order 44, Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused to the members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, during the life of Joseph Smith (descended from Malcolm 3^rd King of Scots, and Mack of Inverness), president prophet seer and revelator.

The original handwritten “Extermination Order”, issued by Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 27, 1838.

1999 The Debt Collector explores modern urban Scottish life in late 1970s Edinburgh; in a fight outside Edinburgh Castle.

much of the film was filmed in Glasgow as part of the condition of the Glasgow Film Fund.

2004 The Notebook released. Allison Calhoun (nee Hamilton) is a fictional character in The Notebook, played by Gena Rowlands (elderly Allie circa 2003) and Rachel McAdams (teenaged Allie in 1940 and again in post War 1947).

  Hot passionate chic flic love story placed in North Carolina, with some interesting scenery (thousands of Swan extras swimming in a pond, and restoring a 19^th century southern plantation.) Allie falls in love with Noah Calhoun (Ryan Goslin (teen Noah) and James Garner (elderly Noah), and what Noah wouldn’t flip over Gena and Rachel?

Rachel McAdams, Scots descent from London Ontario Canada. The obviously Scots names of the characters caught my attention for this love story.

2011 Neptune’s Anniversary Portraits Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). These four Hubble images of Neptune were taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 on June 25-26, 2011, during the planet’s 16-hour rotation. The snapshots were taken at roughly four-hour intervals, offering a full view of the planet. The images reveal high-altitude clouds in the northern and southern hemispheres. The clouds are composed of methane ice crystals.

Royal Observatory Edinburgh. The ROE story began when the first Chair of Astronomy within the University was established in 1786, astronomy having been taught in Edinburgh since the opening of the town’s college in 1583. Astronomy in Edinburgh flourished at the Playfair Observatory on Calton Hill – the brainchild of the Astronomical In      stitution of Edinburgh. The first Astronomer Royal for Scotland, Regius Professor Thomas Henderson, was appointed in 1834. Henderson was the first astronomer to measure parallax and determine the distance to the stars – an achievement that has made him one of Britain’s most famous astronomers. Calton Hill became the Royal Observatory during the visit of George IV to Scotland in 1822.

2015 Amy Marie Choate-Nielsen wins one and Deseret News wins 31 regional journalism awards. SALT LAKE CITY — The Deseret News netted big wins in two prestigious regional journalism contests for outstanding reporting, photography, page design and digital publication. An additional 27 awards were won in the Top of the Rockies contest. Put on by the Colorado Pro Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists, the contest is open to journalists throughout SPJ’s Region 9 in Utah, Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico. This year’s Top of the Rockies contest attracted 784 entries, the chapter reported. Top of the Rockie General                            Reporting – Series or Package: 1st place, Lois Collins, Mark Kellner, Sara Israelsen-Hartley, Lane Anderson, Eric Schulzke, Emmilie Buchanan, Amanda Taylor, Amy Choate-Nielsen, Michael de Groote, The Ten Today: How relevant are the Ten Commandments in modern society?;

http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865631404/Deseret-News-wins-31-regional-journalism-awards.html?pg=all

              Amy Choate-Nielsen is a full-time mom and part-time writer. She spends her days at the park and her nights at the computer. She writes about family history and her quest to understand life while learning about her deceased grandmother, Fleeta. Amy’s Scottish relations includes 100 different clans, and 80% of the Dublin Armorial.

2016 On the 23^rd Scotland voted to remain in the EU while the English voted to Leave. EU stands for European Union. The pound dropped 10%, the American Stock Market Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 600 points (3%), each point on the DJIA being worth a billion dollars in market value.

Disclaimer: The author of each article published on this web site owns his or her own words. The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the various authors and forum participants on this site do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of Utah Standard News or official policies of the USN and may actually reflect positions that USN actively opposes. No claim in public domain or fair use.    © John Choate