October 23 – 42 BC – Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus’s army. Brutus commits suicide. Antony’s descendants survive into Britain and Scotland. Or so the storey went frm Plutarch.

1295 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris. It was to last 265 years, until 1560.

American military cemetery at Suresnes, Paris, France, with 1541 souls of U.S. soldiers from World Wars I and II. Bronze tablets on the walls of the chapel record the names of 974 World War I missing. Rosettes mark the names of those since recovered and identified. /www.abmc.gov. Perhaps 40% had Scots ancestry (based on 40% of the US Presidents with Scots ancestry).

1306 James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland, swear fealty at Lanercost on 23 October 1306. To render his oath if possible secure, it was taken upon the two crosses of Scotland most esteemed for their sanctity, on the consecrated host, the holy gospels, and certain relics of saints. He also agreed to submit to instant excommunication if he should break his allegiance to Edward 1st.

Treaty between King John Balliol of Scotland and King Philippe IV of France which promised mutual help against the English – the start of the “Auld Alliance”.

1448 Battle of Sark (1448). Battle of Lochmaben Stone. Border War. the Earl of Northumberland led a troop of 6,000 men into Scotland, where they made camp near the Lochmaben Stone. Their location proved poorly chosen, as they settled in a tidal waterway between the River Sark and Kirtle Water. Among the Scots, Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde, mustered a force of 4,000 from Annandale and Nithsdale, marching against Northumberland on 23 October 1448. Northumberland took the lead in organizing his troops into three wings, which arrangement Ormonde mirrored. In spite of superior numbers and the advantage of the English longbw, the English were soon driven backwards by Scottish spearmen, where they found the peril of the incoming tide.

1455 – 23 october James Hamilton, 1^st Lord Hamilton (c. 1415–1479), [Hamilton 2Stewart 2Millar 2simmons 2Choate 2Sorensen] created Sheriff of Lanark 1 July 1455, Earl of Douglas’ forfeited lands being confirmed in Royal charters of October.

1460 Trinity Hospital, founded in 1460 by Mary of Gueldres in memory of her husband, King James II. Queen Mary was interred in the church, until her coffin was moved to Holyrood Abbey in 1848.

The Ruins of Holyrood Abbey.

In 1459 the chancellorship was vacant allowing the dowager queen to supplicate Pope Pius II for the annexation of Soutra to her Trinity College foundation – the sanctioning bull was published on 23 October 1460. Queen Mary issued a charter on 25 March 1462 detailing the constitution.

Trinity college church 1825.

1641 outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641. Eleven Years War

1642 , Battle of Edgehill, was the first pitched battle of the First English Civil War. It was fought near Edge Hill and Kineton in southern Warwickshire on Sunday, 23 October 1642.

Charles I holding a council of war at Edgecote on the day before the Battle.

1694 – British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps, fail to seize Quebec from the French.

1707 – The first Parliament of Great Britain meets, merging the English and Scottish Parliaments.

1706 – people crowded together in the High Street and Parliament Square, Edinburgh, and greeted their representatives as friends or enemies to their country, according as they opposed or favoured the Union. [TG60-78]

1751 James Atholl Cochrane (b 23.10.1751, d 1823, vicar of Mansfield) m. Mary Smithson (b c1768, d 15.03.1867)

1770 George Ramsay, (clan Ramsay) 9th Earl of Dalhousie born. Founded Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canadain 1818 by Ramsay, the British Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. He was Governor of Nova Scotia from 1816 to 1820, Governor General of British North America from 1820 to 1828 and later Commander-in-Chief in India.

The Right Honourable The Earl of Dalhousie GCB, was born at Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, the son of George Ramsay, 8th Earl of Dalhousie, and Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Glen. He was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, and the University of Edinburgh.

Ramsay. Crest: A unicorn’s head couped Argent armed Or. Motto: ORA ET LABORA
[from Latin: “Pray and labour”].
Badge: blue harebell Chief: James Hubert Ramsay, 17^th Earl of Dalhousie

Unicorn of Scotland. www.bonniescots.com  The Queen’s Beasts. Horse of Hanover, Unicorn of Scotland. www.bonniescots.com.

set of five stamps depicting the ten Queen’s Beasts. Issued by the British Post Office 24 February 1998. Designed by Jeffrey Matthews FCSD.
The beasts were created for the Coronation of the Queen in 1953 and carved by the Royal Academician James Woodford. They can be seen outside the Palm House at Kew Gardens.

1839 earthquake. Comrie 4.8 power. This was the largest of all known Comrie earthquakes, and was felt over most of Scotland. It caused a dam near Stirling to breach. in Doctrine and Covenants 87:6. And thus, with earthquake, shall the inhabitants of the earth be made to feel the wrath, and indignation, and chastening hand of an Almighty God, until the consumption decreed hath made a full end of all nations;

1861 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Washington, D.C., for all military-related cases.

Lincoln 1903.

1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Westport – Union forces under General Samuel R. Curtis defeat Confederate troops led by General Sterling Price at Westport, near Kansas City.

1871 David Livingstone returned to Ujiji arriving on 23 October 1871. He discovered for Western science numerous geographical features, such as Lake Ngami, Lake Malawi, and Lake Bangweulu in addition to Victoria Falls mentioned above. He filled in details of Lake Tanganyika, Lake Mweru and the course of many rivers, especially the upper Zambezi, and his observations enabled large regions to be mapped which previously had been blank. Even so, the furthest north he reached, the north end of Lake Tanganyika, was still south of the Equator and he did not penetrate the rainforest of the River Congo any further downstream than Ntangwe near Misisi. Livingstone was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society of London.

Lake Malawi (also known as Lake Nyasa in most countries, or Lake Nyassa, Lake Niassa, or Lago Niassa in Mozambique), is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the Great Rift Valley system of East Africa. This lake, the third largest in Africa and the eighth largest lake in the world, is located between Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Between 560 and 580 kilometres long, and about 75 kilometres wide at its widest point. The total surface area of this lake is about 29,600 square kilometres (11,400 sq mi). The largest river flowing into this lake is the Ruhuhu River. This large freshwater lake has an outlet at its southern end, which is the Shire River, a tributary that flows into the very large Zambezi River in Mozambique.

1929 – Great Depression: After a steady decline in stock market prices since a peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of panic.

1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: – At El Alamein in northern Egypt, the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begins a critical offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt.

1942 – All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an American Airlines Douglas DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a U.S. Army Air Forces bomber near Palm Springs, California. Among the victims is award-winning composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger (“Thanks for the Memory”, “Love in Bloom”, “Blue Hawaii”).

1942 – World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field (clan Henderson), Solomon Islands, begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on October 26.

1942 John Michael Crichton born, author October 23, 1942 – died November 4, 2008). (clan Crichton, rhymes with frighten) In 1994, Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in television (ER), film (Jurassic Park), and book sales (Disclosure).

1942 Allied Forces attack: 10pm 23 October. The Polish Mine Detector designed in Scotland in 1941 by the Polish engineer and signals officer, Lt. Józef Kosacki was to be used for the first time in action. Five hundred of these were issued to Eighth Army. They doubled the speed at which heavily mined sands could be cleared, from around 100 m (110 yd) to about 200 m (220 yd) an hour.

1943 Cruiser “Charybdis”, accompanied by two fleet and four ‘Hunt’ class destroyers, sailed from Plymouth to intercept a German blockade runner off the coast of Brittany in Operation ‘Tunnel’. The cruiser and one escort destroyer were sunk. www.naval-history

1944 – World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf – The largest naval battle in history begins in the Philippine.

1994-06-06. Battleship firing main battery (Battle for Leyte Gulf). October 23-25, 1944, the Japanese fleet failed to destroy transports landing American soldiers on the island of Leyte. By the end of October, Japanese forces had been driven from southern to northeastern Leyte. For two months, they fought relentlessly on the remainder of the island. usstampgallery.com

1946 – The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City.

1946 Wednesday. Gretchen Ann Choate (nee Luther)’s birthday. (clan Armstrong MacPherson and Ferguson).

• Armstrong 17^th 2Warren2Mehew2Luther2Choate2 David Marcus

Many great grand daughter of King Edward I of England. LADY Joan Goushill, ODNBxviii962 md. Thomas Stanley, 1^st Baron Stanley SIR K.G. (1406-1458) ODNBxviii962 had (1) brother. Thomas Stanley, 1^st Earl of Derby married 2^nd WIdowed Mother of Henry tutor (Hen. VII) of Richmond; married 1^st Eleanor, married daughter of Richard Neville, 5^th Earl of Salisbury. Derby’s 5^th son was Sir Edward Stanley, 1^st Baron Monteagle (1460-1523) ODNBxviii936 knghted by Edward IV of England, K.G., High Sheriff of Lancashire autumn of 1485, fought at Battle of Flodden Field and with “his own hand” killed James IV Stewart King of Scotland ; (his name occurs in a line of Walter Scott’s Marmion: ‘Charge, Chester, charge—on, Stanley, on’). (2) sister, LADY ELIZABETH STANLEY, md. SIR RICHARD MOLINEAUX of Sefton, Lancaster, killed at Bloreheathe in 1459, had SIR THOMAS MOLINEAUX. md. LADY ANNE DE DUTTON, had SIR WILLIAM MOLINEAUX (d. 1548} md. LADY JANE RIGGE, had SIR RICHARD. MOLINEAUX (d. 1568) md. LADY ELEANOR RATCLIFFE, of Ordsall, had LADY MARGARET MOLINEAUX (d. 1617) md. JOHN WARREN Esq. of Poynton, Baron of Stockport, on the Mersey , High Sheriff of Cheshire (d. 1588) had SIR EDWARD WARREN (1563-1609) High Sheriff of Cheshire, md. 1581, ANNE DAVENPORT (cousin to John Davenport founder of New Haven and Stamford Colonies 1638-1641), had JOHN WARREN,1609, md. 1593 ANNE OGNAL of Bylkesley, Warwickshire, had EDWARD WARREN (1605-1687) md. MARGARET ADERNE in 1644, had 10 children, had HUMPHREY WARREN, Maryland (1632-1673) md. ELEANOR had THOMAS WARREN (d. 1710) Maryland, md. MARY BARTON, had BARTON WARREN (17007-1775) md. ELIZABETH, had ROBERT WARREN (1742-1826) Private 1781 Virginia Continental Army, md. MARTHA BRISCOE, 19 children (also wife Pamella Love) had CHARLES Henry WARREN (1770-1841) md. SARAH EARNEST, New Market Tennessee, had CHARLES WESLEY WARREN (1809-1891) of Richland, Missouri, md. SUSAN ARMSTRONG, had Henry Earnest Warren (1844-1933), married Charlotte R. Gibson, had Monta Pearl Warren (1879-1927) married Charles Edward Mehew, had Vena Lenore Mehew (1911- ) married 1^st Homer Russell Luther (1913-1982) 2^nd Clyde Mohler M.D, had Gretchen Ann Luther (1946 -]

The Warren family held the manor of Poynton Lodge in Cheshire, from before 1386 when Edward de Warren married Cicely de Eton of Poynton and Stockport until 1801 when Sir George Warren, Knight of the Bath, (7 February 1735 – 31 August 1801) the last surviving male, died. He was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth, Viscountess Bulkeley (c. 1760-1826): her husband, Thomas Bulkeley, 7^th Viscount Bulkeley, changed his surname to Warren-Bulkeley by Royal Licence to inherit the Warren fortune. She died childless in 1826 when she left the estate to Frances Maria Warren, Lady Vernon. The Lords Vernon held the estate until the final sale in 1920. Sir George could not be dislodged from his parliamentary seat at Lancaster. In 1768 the local merchants determined to oppose him, putting up Lord John Cavendish as a candidate, but even the backing of his own influential family and of the Lowthers proved insufficient to make victory probable. Early in the campaign, Cavendish wrote that“my opponents…have engaged all the lower sort of people, and they spare no expense to keep them firm to them.”, and eventually he concluded that “my opponents were bidding any sums for votes, so that my success was very uncertain and an enormous expense inevitable.” He withdrew a week before the election was due, leaving Warren to be returned unopposed.

Lord John Cavendish (1732-1796) was the youngest son of William Cavendish, 3^rd Duke of Devonshire, and his wife Catherine, daughter of John Hoskins. Prime Minister William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Lord George Cavendish and Field Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish were his elder brothers. He was educated in Hackney and at Peterhouse, Cambridge.

1953 Rugged Bear is an American film by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The cartoon follows Humphrey the Bear as he takes refuge in Donald Duck’s (clan McDuck) cabin during hunting season by disguising himself as a bearskin rug.

Donald Duck (fictional clan McDuck) carrying a rifle.

1986 Sometime in October. “Our quorum is small,” said Mark Choate, 13, first counselor in the deacons presidency of the Cleveland Branch. “In fact, there are only three of us. But we’re pretty good friends. Right now we’re working on a quorum project, making a sign for the property where our new chapel is going to be built. We’re digging holes for the posts, setting up the sign, painting it and everything.” (Clans Hunter, Meldrum, Lockhart, Stewart, Cochrane, Ruthven, Abernethy, Crichton, Graham and Gordon). Read the rest of the story in Towering over Tulsa, https://www.lds.org/new-era/1986/10/towering-over-tulsa?lang=eng

1995 PRICE SHATTERS OLD RECORD, BUT SCOTLAND TAKES THE TITLE. Nick Price played the best five rounds anyone had ever managed in one event at St. Andrews and still went home a loser. The Zimbabwe native posted scores of 67, 68, 68, 69 and 68 on the Old Course, a 20-under 340 total in the Dunhill Cup.

http://www.deseretnews.com/article/446462/PRICE-SHATTERS-OLD-RECORD-BUT-SCOTLAND-TAKES-THE-TITLE.html?pg=all

Donald Trump: I will build the best golf course in the world in Scotland.

The property tycoon Donald Trump styled himself as a champion of the natural environment as he defended his plans for a £1 billion golf resort on a stretch of unspoiled coastline.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/2105487/Donald-Trump-I-will-build-the-best-golf-course-in-the-world-in-Scotland.html

2013  Trump kisses son Joseph Frederick Kushner at his bris ceremony. Grandson of Donald Trump (clans McQueen, MacLeod, McSwane)

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