November 17 – 1291 John Balliol, Lord of Galloway was named king by a majority and Edward I. “Scotland” by Walter Scott and Mayo Hazeltine.  On November 17, 1292, John Balliol became King of Scotland, officially succeeding Margaret, the Maid of Norway, who had died two years earlier.  It was to be a short reign, lasting less than four years.  Balliol was in power when the Auld Alliance was formalized with France, after which Edward I of England (ancestor of James 2nd Stewart King of Scots) marched on Scotland.  The Battle of Dunbar began the Scottish Wars of Independence. ‘In 1292, the candidates, called upon to that effect, solemnly acknowledged Edward’s right as lord paramount of Scotland, and submitted their claims to his decision. We shall endeavor to explain hereafter why these Norman nobles were not unwilling to consent to a submission which, as children of the soil, they would probably have spurned at. The strengths and fortresses of the kingdom were put into the king of England’s power, to enable him to support, it was pretended, the award he should pronounce. After these operations had lasted several months, to accustom the Scots to the view of English governors and garrisons in their castles, and to disable them from resisting a foreign force, by the continued disunion which must have increased and become the more embittered the longer the debate was in dependence, Edward I. preferred John Baliol to the Scottish crown, to be held of him and his successors, and surrendered to him the Scottish castles of which he held possession, being twenty in number.’ Dunbar on the North Sea in the East March. The crossed swords note the battle site.

Edward defeats Scots at Dunbar – 1296. Anger at English influence in Scottish affairs leads to the Scots nobles stripping power from Balliol and signing a treaty with France. Edward invades and defeats the Scots at Dunbar. Video: A history of Scotland: Hammers of the Scots. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/scotland_united/edward_defeats_scots_at_dunbar/

1326  Hugh Despenser the younger and Edmund Fitzalan 9th Earl of Arundel, brought before Isabella of France for trial in 1326; the pair were gruesomely executed November 17. The 9th Earl Arundel served under Edward I (ancestor of James 2nd Stewart King of Scots) in the Scottish Wars, married Alice de Warenne, granddaughter of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey. Alice and Edmund’s 2nd ggdaughter Joan Beaufort became Queen of Scots to King James 1st Stewart, and thus ancestor of all Scots monarchs thereafter, and all English Monarchs from 1603.

1511 – Spain and England ally against France, leading to Scots battle at Flodden Field, Northumberland, England (1513).

1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I (Tudor) of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth Tudor of England (styled the 1st after 1952), leading to the combined crowns in 1603.

Begins ascendancy of Protestant religion in Scotland by sending troops and money in support of the Lords of the Congregation.

Henry Balnaves of Halhill; One of 24 Lords of the Congregation. (1512? – February, 1579) was a Scottish politician and religious reformer. Educated at the University of St Andrews and on the continent, where Balnaves adopted Protestant views. Returning to Scotland, he continued his legal studies and in 1538 was appointed a lord of session. The accession of Queen of England, Elizabeth 1st   (Nov 17, 1558) changed the situation, and Mary of Guise had reasons for accusing Balnaves of “practices out of England”. He took an active part in the rising of 1559 and was commissioned by the Congregation to solicit the help of the English government through Sir Ralph Sadleir at Berwick. Balnaves was surprised to meet the young James Hamilton 3rd Earl of Arran there. Balnaves arrived and left secretly by sea from Holy Island. Elizabeth wrote to thank Sir Ralph Sadler and Sir James Croft, Captain of Berwick, personally for their good and diligent service in meeting Balnaves.   He was also selected one of the Scots representatives to negotiate with Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk in February 1560, arranging the Treaty of Berwick. Balnaves’s rehabilitation by letter of Mary, Queen of Scots, in May 1562. In 1563 he was restored to his office as lord of session, and was one of those appointed by the General Assembly to revise the Book of Discipline. He was one of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell’s judges for the murder of Darnley in 1567,

  • Bothwell Hepburn 1245 2Montgomerie 2Blair 2Cochrane 2Miller 2Simmons 2Choate zoe ToaG

‘Berwick Quay’ by Eric Ritchie

1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. Raleigh was a favorite of the deceased Elizabeth. James, King of Scots was the new King of England.

1745 Bonney Prince Charley made a triumphal entry into Carlisle [TG79-209].   Short lived, but plenty of copy for stories and novels and songs.

1765 – Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, French marshal (d. 1840) born. His father, Neil MacEachen, later MacDonald, came from a Jacobite family from Howbeg in South Uist, in the west of Scotland. He was a close relative of Flora MacDonald, who played a key role in the escape of Prince Charles Edward Stuart after the failure of the 1745 Rising. A king’s ransom was offered the capture of Prince Charley, but none in Scotland took of the offer.

Jacques MacDonald

1829 Scots Roman Type, prepared in Glasgow Scotland, and shipped to a foundry in Albany New York, then delivered to the E. B. Grandin Printing company in Palmyra New York, according to the Crandall Gutenberg Printing Museum in Provo Utah. The Scots Roman type is the font used to print the first edition of the Book of Mormon. The contract with E. B. Grandin’s print shop to print the book was signed on Tuesday 25 Aug 1829, and the completed book was on sale by Friday 26 March 1830. Typesetter John H. Gilbert selects type and inserts commas, periods, and other punctuation as Gilbert reads Oliver Cowdery’s hand written copy. One form signature of 16 pages, in quantities of 5,000 copies will be printed per 6 day 11 hour per day week. Meridian Magazine (14 Apr 2005). http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2005/printing.html   12th   form of 16 pages printed. Somewhere in Mosiah.  Stained glass in the Palmyra New York Temple.

1855 – David Livingstone becomes the first European, of record, to see the Victoria Falls in what is now present-day Zambia-Zimbabwe.

Livingstone statue, Edinburgh. Livingstone was the first European to see the Mosi-oa-Tunya (“the smoke that thunders”) waterfall (which he renamed Victoria Falls after his monarch, Queen Victoria), of which he wrote (later), “Scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.” (Jeal, p. 149)

1856 – American auld West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, Santa Cruz County, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. Named for the 15th President James Buchanan whose parents were both of Scots-Irish descent.

1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York. It’s roots were in the Civil War. Union Army records for the Civil War indicate that Union troops fired about 1,000 rifle shots for each Confederate soldier hit. General Ambrose Burnside (a Rhode Island gunsmith) lamented of his Civil War recruits: “Out of ten soldiers who are perfect in drill and the manual of arms, only one knows the purpose of the sights on his gun or can hit the broad side of a barn.” His great-great-grandfather Robert Burnside (1725–1775) was born in Scotland and settled in the Province of South Carolina.

1883 time was synchronized worldwide for the first time. SIR SANDFORD FLEMING Time Lord (1827–1915) Fleming was the Scottish-born Chief Engineer who built the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway. His team laid 3,700 miles of track across North America, but he realized that his system needed a reliable timetable. He divided the world map into 24 time zones and for 5 years worked to persuade governments to set their clocks to the new single standard. Which they did. Western time is used on all computers and aviation operations.

SIR SANDFORD FLEMING

 

1913 Macbeth (1913 film), released in UK. Directed by Arthur Bourchier (played Macbeth). William Shakespeare author.

 

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