December 21 Winter soltice Shortest day light in northern hemisphere. Summer soltice in southern hemisphere. Tytler’s History of Scotland from Encyclopedia Britannica.

CHRONOLOGY Of THE PERIOD

A.D. 1099. The Crusaders take Jerusalem. and erect a Christian kingdom (lasts about 2 centuries); Godfrey of Bouillon. Sovereign; Knights of St John instituted.

Godefroid de BOUILLON (Leader of 1st Crusade)  aka Godfrey V; aka Geoffrey de BOULOGNE; King of JERUSALEM; PROTECTOR of The Holy Sepulchre; founded the Priory of SION; Crusader.  Born:  France 1061    Died:  18 Jul 1100 Jerusalem. HM George I’s 18-Great Grandfather.       HRE Ferdinand I’s 13-Great Half-Uncle.       HRE Charles VI’s 19-Great Grandfather.       U.S. President [WASHINGTON]‘s 19-Great Grandfather.       PM Churchill’s 23-Great Grandfather.       Lady Diana’s 24-Great Grandfather. Fabpedigree.com

1100 A.D. sometime this year. Henry I Beauclerc King of England, Lion of Justice. (12 generation ancestor of James 2nd Stewart King of Scots). Born:  Yorks. 1068    Died:  1 Dec 1135 Rouen, France     d. after eating surfeit of lampreys. HM George I’s 15-Great Grandfather.       HRE Ferdinand I’s 11-Great Grandfather.       U.S. President [WASHINGTON]‘s 18-Great Grandfather.       PM Churchill’s 22-Great Grandfather. Fabpedigree.com

1118 A.D. sometime this year. Order of the Templars instituted.

1136 A.D, sometime this year. Stephen. House of Blois. [ reign 1135-1154] King of England. HM George I’s 14-Great Grandfather.       HRE Ferdinand I’s 11-Great Grandfather.       U.S. President [WASHINGTON]‘s 18-Great Grandfather.       PM Churchill’s 22-Great Grandfather.   Fabpedigree.com

1147 A.D. sometime this year. Second Crusade under Conrad III Holy Roman Emperor of Germany and Louis VII ‘the Younger’ King of France.

Konrad 3rd HOHENSTAUFEN; of SWABIA; King of the ROMANS; Duke of FRANKEN, (1093-1152 Bamberg). 21st ggf US President U.S.Grant, 15th ggf HM George 1st.

Louis 7th Crusader (1119-1180). HM George I’s 14-Great Grandfather.       HRE Ferdinand I’s 10-Great Grandfather.       U.S. President [WASHINGTON]‘s 17-Great Grandfather.       PM Churchill’s 21-Great Grandfather. (fabpedigree.com)

  1. Frederic Barbarossa of Germany begins reign. von STAUFEN (Barbarossa). Holy Roman Emperor of Germany. III of SWABIA; of LOUVAINE; de HOHENSTAUFEN (1123-1190 13th ggf HM George 1st. 17th ggf US President George Washington.

1154 A.D. sometime this year. Henry II. (Plantagenet). King of England. (15 generation ancestor of Anne Stewart wife of Andrew Millar 1st Minister of Temple and Killoch in Ayrshire Scotland)

1164 A.D. sometime this year. Teutonic order of knighthood instituted in Germany.

1172 A.D. sometime this year. Ireland conquered by Henry II, King of England.

1180 A.D. sometime this year. Philip II. (Augustus), King of France.  aka Filips II Augustus van CAPET. (1165-1223) HM George I’s 13-Great Grandfather.       HRE Ferdinand I’s 10-Great Grandfather.       U.S. President [WASHINGTON]‘s 16-Great Grandfather.       PM Churchill’s 21-Great Grandfather.  Fabpedigree.com

1187 A.D. sometime this year. Jerusalem taken by Saladin. Sultan of Egypt. 1189 A.D. sometime this year. Richard I. (Coeur de Lion). King of England – – third crusade under Frederic Barbarossa (Holy Land drowned, ends reign).

Richard of England. and Philip of France. Richard restore Scotland’s independence.

1199 A.D. sometime this year. John. King of England.

  1. Fourth crusade under Baldwin. Earl of Flanders.

1204 A.D. sometime this year. The Inquisition established by Pope Innocent III.

1206 A.D. sometime this year. Genghis Khan and the Tartars (Mongols) begin to overrun the empire of the Saracens

1216 A.D. sometime this year. Magna Charta signed by King John and Barons.

  1. A.D. sometime this year. Henry III King of England.
  2. A.D. sometime this year. Fifth crusade under Andrew II King of Hungary.

1226 A.D. sometime this year. Louis IX. King of France; institution of the monastic orders of St Dominic and St Francis. 1228. A,D, sometime this year. Sixth Crusade under the Emperor Frederic II.

1248 A.D. sometime this year. Seventh Crusade under Louis IX, King of France (Saint Louis). 1258. A.D. sometime this year. Baghdad taken by the Tartars; end of the empire of the Saracens. 1270. A.D. sometime this year. Eighth Crusade under Louis IX. (Saint Louis). 1272. A.D. sometime this year. Edward I King of England. 1283. Wales conquered by Edward I. 1294. A,D, sometime this year. Roger Bacon d. 1295. A.D. sometime this year. First English House of Commons assembled. Parliament.

1299 A.D. sometime this year. Spectacles invented. Glass (silicon) is new technology, stimulates building of cathedrals to display windows telling stories. Returns as the new

1301 A.D. sometime this year. Dante the Italian poet, exiled from Florence.

1319 A.D. Berwick. A 2 year truce between Scotland and England begins, after Edward, King of England, raises the siege of Berwick. In the summer of 1319, King Edward, having lost Berwick, determined to recover Berwick. Edward’s army assaulted Berwick. The Scots, commanded by the widower Steward of Scotland, defended, so the English settled into a siege of Berwick. For relief, Bruce determined on a diversion, Randolph and Douglas gathered 15,000 men, invaded York, but a Scots prisoner of the English betrayed the strategy, the English avoided that trap. In response, the Scots attacked the English at Mitton on the Swale (September 28, 1319), routing the English, with 4,000 dead on the field, with 300 ecclesiastics, wearing their surplices over their armour. In allusion to the clerical character of the English leaders, the battle was designated ‘the Chapter of Mitton.’ Tytler’s History of Scotland from Britannica 50.

1588 A.D. sometime in. The last signing of an existing Coldingham, Berwickshire, Scotland Priory paper by a monk was in 1588 by George Acheson.

1601 In Glasgow infected and shut up. February 4 1602 Edinburgh infected and town council built lodgings for sick in Schenis Sciennes belonging to Napier, of Merchiston, without hiis leave, having ploughed up ld plague-muir and leased it to Napier, we know because Napier protested on march 11. pp. 370 December 21. A History of Epidemics in Britain from A.D. 664 to the Extinction of Plague Charles Creighton, M.A. M.D. Demonstrator of Anatomy University of Cambridge. 1891

1668 A.D. the slitting to the bone of Sir John Coventry’s nose, that Sir Walter Scott employs in the text of “Peveril of the Peak”, The ill-usage of Sir John Coventry by some of the Life Guardsmen, in revenge of something said in Parliament concerning the King’s theatrical amours, gave rise to what was called Coventry’s Act, against cutting and maiming the person. “Peveril of the Peak” is set in the Popish Plot of 1678.  The plot was entirely fictitious, and served anti-Catholic ends.

1688 William III (of England) refused the crown as de facto king and instead called another assembly of peers on 21 December 1688. Of England William 1st (the conqueror), William 2nd (Rufus, the 1st son), William 3rd (of Orange), William 4th (King Billy before Victoria). Of Scotland William 1st (the Lion), William 2nd (of Orange), etc. Clan Stewart.

1696 The Darien colony on the Isthmus between the Americas. Sometime in December. That this mode of destroying the funds of the concern might be yet more effectual, the weight of the King’s (William 2nd ) influence with foreign states was employed to diminish the credit of the undertaking, and to intercept the subscriptions which had been obtained for the Company abroad. For this purpose, the English envoy at Hamburgh was directed  to transmit to the Senate of that commercial city a remonstrance on the part of King William II, accusing them of having encouraged the commissioners of the Darien Company; requesting them to desist from doing so ; intimating that the plan, said to be fraught with many evils, had not the  support of his Majesty ; and protesting, that the refusal of the Senate to withdraw their countenance from the scheme, would threaten an interruption to the friendship which his Majesty desired to cultivate with the good city of Hamburgh. The Senate returned to this application a spirited answer-” The city of Hamburgh,” they said, ” considered it as strange that the King of England should dictate to them, a free people, with whom they were to engage in commercial arrangements ; and were yet more astonished to find themselves blamed for having entered into such engagements with a body of his own Scottish subjects, [Sir Walter Scott’s Tales of a Grandfather-59-36] incorporated under a special act of Parliament.”  William was the 3rd King William for England (after William the Conqueror and William Rufus), but only 2nd King William for Scotland (after William the Lion).

The Great Bay, The Outward Bay of Caledonia, Fort St Andrew, The Inward Bay of Caledonia, New Caledonia, Darien, Golder Istand. The Scots settlement in America called New Caledonia A.D.1699. Lat[itude] 8.jo North. According to an Original Drawing by H. Moll G 1729. The Bay of Caledonia is about 9 Leagues West of the Gulf of Darien.

We found the Ground near Goldin Island very foul and Rocky full of deep holes and uncertain Soundings. But within the Rock in the Bay is very good. Another ground and here is plenty of Ecellent good water, Ships may enter the bay at either side of the Rock but the East side is the best. A place where upon Diggin for Stones to make an Oven at B a considerabel mixture of Gold was found in them. Wood increases here Prodigiously for the many scores of Acres we cleared, yet in a few Months after it was to overgrown as if no body had been there. Point Look Out.

1743 Samuel Johnson finished biography The Life of Richard Savage, Richard Savage, a London poet and friend of Johnson who died in 1743. Title page of Life of Mr Richard Savage. In 1877, August 22nd and 23rd, among others, Johnson ‘’called upon me, as an Apostle of the Lord Jesus Christ, in the Temple at St. George, two consecutive nights, and demanded at my hands that I should go forth and attend to the ordinances of the House of God for them…. I told these brethren that it was their duty to go into the Temple and labor until they had got endowments for all of them. The did it. Would those spirits have called upon me, as an Elder in Israel to perform that work if they had not been noble spirits before God? They would not.”(Wilford Woodruff, Conference Report, April 1898, p. 89-90.)

1770 Isabella Cochrane (d 21.12.1770) died, wife of m. John Ogilvy of Balbegno.

Ogilvy Crest: A lady affrontée from the middle upward Proper in Azure vestments richly attired holding a portcullis Gules.Motto: A FIN.
[“To the end”].
Badge: whitethorn, hawthorn or evergreen alkanet Chief: David George Patrick Coke Ogilvy, 8th Earl of Airlie

1805 – Thomas Graham, British chemist born (d. 1869).

1811 – Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1882) born.

TAIT clan seat in Pirn, Tweeddale

1850 – William Wallace Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln. (d. 1862) born. Named after Mary’s brother-in-law Dr. William Wallace, also for the Scots national hero. (clan Wallace).

1872 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth. Prompted by the Scot, Charles Wyville Thomson—of the University of Edinburgh and Merchiston Castle School—the Royal Society of London obtained the use of Challenger from the Royal Navy and in 1872 modified the ship for scientific work, equipping her with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry. Under the scientific supervision of Thomson himself, she travelled 68,890-nautical-mile (127,580 km) surveying and exploring. The result was the Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 which, among many other discoveries, catalogued over 4,000 previously unknown species. Other scientists were Wyville Thomson, John Murray, John Young Buchanan, Henry Nottidge Moseley, and Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm, Lord George Granville Campbell, and Andrew Francis Balfour (one of the sons of Scottish botanist John Hutton Balfour).

Campbell Earl of Argyll 1010 2Montgomery2Blair 2Cochrane2Miller 2Simmons2Choate to zoe TOAG

HMS Challenger under sail 1874. The ship became the namesake of the Space Shuttle Challenger a century later. In 1985, a procurement for the Air Force Titan IV program was to repair and service the Launch complex at Pad 41 Canaveral Space Center. The contract’s legal sufficiency was reviewed by Major Choate in June 1985. The project saved the Air Force space team, which in turned saved America’s space program, after the Challenger disaster in January 1986.

1896 – Leroy Robertson, American composer (d. 1971) born in Fountain Green, Utah. In the 1985 edition of the LDS hymnal there is one hymn with words by Robertson and eight hymns for which he wrote the music. “On This Day of Joy and Gladness” (hymn #64) has both words and music by Robertson, while “Let Earth’s Inhabitants Rejoice” (hymn #53), “”Great King of Heaven” (hymn #63), “God of Our Fathers, Know of Old” (hymn #80), “I’m A Pilgrim, I’m A Stranger” (hymn #121), “Upon The Cross Of Calvary” (hymn #184), “We Love Thy House, Oh God” (hymn #247) and “Go Ye Messengers of Glory” (hymn #262) have music by Robertson.

1906 December 21 National Gallery of Scotland Act. In 1889 William Hole painted the Heroes of Scotland.

James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews, statesman; Robert Boyd, Lord Boyd, statesman; Marie of Gueldres Queen of James II; Sir William Crichton, Lord Crichton, Chancellor of Scotland;

Crichton of Brunstone 1100 2Gordon2Kennedy 2Stewart2Miller 2Simmons2Choate

James II King of Scots; Sir Alexander Livingston, Guardian of James II; King James I King of Scots; Joan Beaufort, Queen of James I; Donald Macdonald Lord of the Isles; David Stewart Duke of Rothesay, eldest son of Robert III; Robert III Governor of Scotland; Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, (ancestor of Andrew Stewart 2nd Lord Ochiltree) Governor of Scotland; John Barbour, poet and author of “The Bruce”; Archibald, 3rd Earl of Douglas, Lord of Galloway and Guardian of Scotland; Robert II King of Scots ‘The Steward’

1932 Andrew Pickens Miller born. Attorney General of Virginia from 1970 to 1977. Miller was selected as Chairman of the Southern Conference of Attorneys General, Chairman of NAAG’s Antitrust Committee, and a member of NAAG’s Executive Committee. Miller was the recipient of NAAG’s Wyman Memorial Award. He established the John Marshall Foundation and was its first president. (descendant of Andrew Myllar of the 16th century, and clans Stewart, Hunter, Lockhart, Meldrum, Cochrane). Princeton 1954, son in law of J. Douglas Brown Princeton 1919, Dean of the Faculty at Princeton until 1967.

December 21, 1945 “Old Blood and Guts” dies, 1945. General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. 3rd Army. Patton graduated from the West Point Military Academy in 1909. He represented the United States in the 1912 Olympics-as the first American participant in the pentathlon. He did not win a medal. He went on to serve in the Tank Corps during World War I. 26 years later, at the Battle of the Bulge, during which Patton once again succeeded in employing a complex and quick-witted strategy, turning the German thrust into Bastogne into an Allied counterthrust, driving the Germans east across the Rhine. In March 1945, Patton’s army swept through southern Germany into Czechoslovakia—which he was stopped from capturing by the Allies, out of respect for the Soviets’ postwar political plans for Eastern Europe. The Iron Curtain.

www.history.com/this-day-in-history/old-blood-and-guts-dies

U.S.A. General George S. Patton with Sherman tank.

1966 –Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland, born London, Canadian actor, Scots descent.

1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.

1988 Lockerbie bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988 when the wreckage fell on the town of Lockerbie in the Dumfries and Galloway region of south-western Scotland. ”Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan American World Airways’ third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from London Heathrow Airport to New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport. On Wednesday, 21 December 1988, the aircraft flying this route — a Boeing 747–121 registered N739PA and named “Clipper Maid of the Seas” — was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew members. Eleven people in Lockerbie, in southern Scotland, were also killed as large sections of the plane fell in the town and destroyed several houses, bringing total fatalities to 270. As a result, the event is also known as the Lockerbie bombing.

“”Four members of one family, Jack and Rosalind Somerville and their children Paul, 13, and Lynsey, 10, died when their house at 15 Sherwood Crescent exploded. [Miller’s ancestors include clan Somerville.] Somerville. William de Somerville, the second son, came to Scotland with David I., from whom he had a grant of the lands of Carnwath in Clydesdale. Somerville witnessed the foundation charter of Melrose abbey by that monarch in 1136, also donations by him to the monasteries of Dunfermline and Kelso. He died in 1142, and was buried at Melrose. He had two sons, William, who witnessed a charter of David I. to the abbacy of Kelso in 1144, as well as several of Malcolm IV., and died in 1161; and Walter, witness to a charter of the latter monarch betwixt 1154 and 1160. The former left a son, also named William de Somerville, witness to several charters of Malcolm IV. and William the Lion. In the reign of the latter he slew a monstrous animal which greatly devastated the district of Linton, Roxburghshire. According to tradition, it was a serpent, supposed to have been the last that infested that part of the country, and in 1174 he obtained the lands of Linton from the king as a reward.

‘’The actress Kim Cattrall [character Samantha Jones] was also booked on the flight but changed her reservation shortly beforehand in order to complete some last minute gift shopping in London. Kim’s father’s namesake family was from the same area of Manchester from which our Cattrall’s lived in the 15th century.]1900 Map with Lockerbie (centered), Dumfries, Lochmaben, Ecclesechan, Gretna , Annan River Annan, River Esk, Canonbie, Liaad, Newcastleton.

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